Identity-based violence is any act of violence motivated by the perpetrator's conceptualisation of their victim's identity, for example their race, nationality, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, disability, religion or political affiliation.
It includes a wide spectrum of harms, from hate crime, harassment, and intimidation to violent extremism, persecution, mass atrocities, and genocide, and affects individuals, groups, communities, or entire populations all around the world. While its victims and the ways in which it manifests often look different, the causes of identity-based violence are usually the same.
By understanding the common causes of these seemingly disconnected forms of violence, we can develop and promote effective, evidenced strategies of prediction, prevention, and protection.
No matter where it takes place, and no matter whom it targets, every act of identity-based violence is a manifestation of the same deadly idea: that some lives are more valuable than others.
For that reason, we believe these harms should be seen not as separate, unrelated problems but as a shared global crisis: the targeting of individuals or groups solely because of who they are, what they believe, or who they love.
By emphasising what these different forms of violence have in common, Protection Approaches has helped change the conversation on how to challenge, respond to, and prevent it. In the process, we have helped encouraged a better appreciation of the shared responsibility to prevent all forms of identity-based attacks, whether committed by states, militia groups, terrorist organisations, racist gangs, or prejudiced individuals.
Identity-based violence is a collective harm. It is felt most acutely by those it targets, but it ultimately fractures entire societies.
It is also preventable. Identity-based violence is not inevitable, but without early and serious action, its impacts deepen, touching more lives and cutting deeper into our societies. This is why our work has always been driven by a few core convictions.
These harms are not peripheral to the challenges defining our time; they are central to them. In an era of aggressive statecraft, democratic backsliding, and growing instability, societies are increasingly targeted not only through military or economic means, but through deliberate efforts to fracture the social foundations that make democratic life possible. The fastest way to weaken a democracy today is often not confrontation at its borders, but division within it.
Identity-based violence does not emerge suddenly or without warning. It develops through identifiable processes, shaped by social, political, economic and institutional conditions over time. Because it can be understood, it can be anticipated. And because it can be anticipated, it can be prevented. That conviction is the starting point for everything we do.
Protecting People & Democracy in an Age of Division
Mobilising grievance, demonising "the other", and wielding division are the staid tactics of authoritarian movements throughout history and across the world. Identity has always been weaponised to advance political projects, secure territory, turn a profit, and achieve notoriety. These strategies are not new, but they are returning with new force. The playbook is back: modernised, and gaining ground.
Authoritarian actors, political extremists, and transnational hate networks increasingly exploit grievance, manipulate difference, and erode trust in democratic institutions in pursuit of power. Enabled by a disrupted information environment and rapid technological change, division, disinformation and hostility now spread faster and further than ever before.
Misogyny and hostility towards LGBTQ+ communities are intensifying, from classrooms to the foreign-policy objectives of chauvinist states.
Migrants and minorities are scapegoated for structural problems they did not create, racialising grievance and legitimising hierarchies of belonging as a new far-right resurgence gathers momentum.
Foreign governments are reaching across borders to oppress and suppress those who challenge them.
Trust in governments and democratic institutions is collapsing, belief in conspiracy and falsehood is no longer uncommon, and people feel more divided, more anxious, and less confident about their future.
Our unique, evidence-based model that works across communities, institutions, and systems simultaneously.

Protection Approaches is a charity registered in England and Wales with charity number 1171433
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